![]() Where mask.png has white pixels for what I want to keep of source-and-target.png and transparent pixels for what I want to remove (and become transparent) of source-and-target.png. Single command preferred multi-command chain acceptable.Įxtra info: Here's the composite command I'm using: gm composite -compose copyopacity mask.png source-and-target.png source-and-target.png rotate -90 rotates the whole image anti-clockwise 90. 288 is the number of pixels for a 72DPI (printing) resolution. resize 288 resize to a width of 288 pixels (4 inches) keeping the aspect ratio. My only missing piece is square-alizing non-square images (padding with transparency). convert inputfile.png -resize 288 -rotate -90 outputfile.png. I already know how to scale down and keep aspect ratio I already have the command for applying my composite. ULTIMATELY, what I want is to take any image of any GM-supported format of any size, and create a scaled-down PNG (say, 40 pixels maximum for either dimension), with aspect ratio maintained, transparency-padded for non-square original images, AND with an already-prepared 40x40 PNG transparency mask applied. ![]() Then I wrote a script as follows to compress the reference image using all the possible filters, strategies and levels to see the filesizes and if they have suffered any losses and are therefore different from the reference PPM image:Ĭonvert -depth 24 -size 200x200 xc:red gradient:black-white \( xc:white +noise random \) +append reference.pngĬonvert reference.png -define png:compression-filter=$f -define png:compression-level=$l -define png:compression-strategy=$s "$outfile"Įcho filter:$f, level:$l, strategy:$s, size:$sizeĪll files compared identically, so there doesn't seem to be any compression loss with any of the parameters I used.Alternatively: How do I take a non-square PNG and "fill out" the "rest" of the image with transparency so that the resulting square image has the original image centered in the square? This contains no date, or time or statistics or anything but pure image data and size in an extremely simple format - thereby allowing comparison of whether pixel values have changed through compression. In order to test whether you have lossless compression, I would suggest you convert images to PPM format - see here. It contains a readily compressible block of solid colour (red), a black-white gradient and a bunch of noise, so there is something to make most types of compression happy or unhappy in there. ![]() I don't have access to your images, so I generated a reference image myself, as follows. I think you are at, or beyond, the limits of the ImageMagick documentation and would like to suggest you work out your answer empirically - or if you do get a definitive answer, that you at least test it empirically. Any idea how to achieve better lossless compression?.Is this lossless compression? If not, where is the mistake?.It might be that compression-filter of 9 and compression-strategy of 0 are producing smaller size images, but I am still not sure if it is lossless or not). (If I use default compression strategy 0, I get large files. If you are using an old zlib that does not support Z_RLE (before 1.2.0) or Z_FIXED (before 1.2.2.2), values 3 and 4, respectively, will use the zlib default strategy instead." compression strategy is 2 huffman_only (so no filtering, although this compression filter shall be lossless)Īccording to the documentation: "valid values are 0 through 4, meaning default, filtered, huffman_only, rle, and fixed ZLIB compression strategy. magick -size 60圆0 xc:none -fill white -stroke black \ -draw 'circle 30,30 5,20' circle.png magick circle.png -crop 10x10+40+3 +repage -scale 600 circlemag.png As you can see the edge of the circle on the left drawn (in PNG format) as a very clean looking (though slightly fuzzy) edge to the image.define png:compression-level=9 -define png:compression-strategy=2 These are current arguments I'm playing with: convert -depth 24 -define png:compression-filter=1 \ ![]() I tried a few things, but it looks to me like the resulting PNG image is not as sharp as original image, although my wife cannot see it. I'd like to achieve a maximum amount of compression when saving to a lossless PNG using ImageMagick.
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![]() Glycolic acid, Glyoxalic acid, Formic acid, Carbonic acid & Oxalic acid. ![]() When this occurs, organic acids are formed viz. Propylene Glycol oxidizes when exposed to air and heat. In the event of accidental ingestion, emergency medical services should be contacted immediately. However, propylene glycol-based antifreeze should not be considered safe for consumption. Propylene glycol is " generally recognized as safe" by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in food. It is also used in food, medicines, and cosmetics, often as a binding agent. It is used as antifreeze where ethylene glycol would be inappropriate, such as in food-processing systems or in water pipes in homes, as well as numerous other settings. Propylene glycol, on the other hand, is considerably less toxic and may be labeled as "non-toxic antifreeze". Propylene glycol File:Propylene glycol chemical structure.png Propylene glycol In the United States, there is legislation before Congress ( H.R.2567/ S.1110) that would make the use of a bittering agent mandatory. In order to prevent ingestion, bittering agent ( denatonium benzoate) is usually added to engine coolant to make it taste unpleasant. ![]() In practice, ethanol can be administered intravenously by doctors to counter ethylene glycol and methanol poisoning, but now that another antidote is available ( fomepizole), its popularity for this application is greatly in decline. Should ingestion of antifreeze occur, ethanol ( alcoholic beverages) can be administered until proper treatment can be started in order to slow the conversion of methanol to formaldehyde and formic acid which are the substances responsible for methanol's toxicity. All spills should be cleaned, or else an area in which it may be present should be kept inaccessible. They form calcium oxalate crystals in the kidneys and can cause acute renal failure and death. Ethylene glycol antifreezes are poisonous and should be kept away from any person or animal (children and especially cats) that might be tempted by its sweet taste. At room temperature it is a polar liquid and is used as an antifreeze, solvent, fuel, and as a denaturant for ethyl alcohol.Įthylene glycol solutions became available in 1926 and were marketed as "permanent antifreeze", since the higher boiling points provided advantages for summertime use as well as during cold weather. It is the simplest alcohol, and is a light, volatile, colourless, flammable, poisonous liquid with a distinctive odor that is somewhat milder and sweeter than ethanol (ethyl alcohol). Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, carbinol, wood alcohol, wood naphtha or wood spirits, is a chemical compound with chemical formula CH 3OH (often abbreviated MeOH). The term "engine coolant" is widely used in industry. The term "colligative agent" is to be preferred as, in warm climates, the benefit of these compounds is to increase the boiling point of the coolant, which should then be more properly referred to as "anti-boil", and as anti-freeze decreases and increases both properties, respectively, "colligative agent" more accurately describes the liquid. Compounds are added to water to reduce the freezing point of the mixture to below the lowest temperature that the system is likely to be exposed to, and to inhibit corrosion in cooling systems which often contain a range of electrochemically incompatible metals ( aluminum, cast iron, copper, lead solder, etc.). ![]() OverviewĪntifreeze is used in internal combustion engines, and for many other heat transfer applications, such as electronics cooling and chillers for HVAC. įor other uses, see Antifreeze (disambiguation). Risk calculators and risk factors for AntifreezeĮditor-In-Chief: C. US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Antifreezeĭirections to Hospitals Treating Antifreeze Ongoing Trials on Antifreeze at Clinical Articles on Antifreeze in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ ![]() Cities: Skylines 2 tracks an unlimited number of people - in fact, this is a real Matrix 2023 - 07 - 02 0. ![]()
It may not contain the latest versions.ĭownload old versions = Free downloads of previous versions of the program.ĭownload 64-bit version = If you have a 64bit operating system you can download this version.ĭownload portable version = Portable/Standalone version meaning that no installation is required, just extract the files to a folder and run directly. Visit developers site = A link to the software developer site.ĭownload (mirror link) = A mirror link to the software download. Be careful when you install the software and disable addons that you don't want! Ad-Supported = The software is bundled with advertising. No installation is required.ĭownload beta = It could be a Beta, RC(Release Candidate) or an Alpha / Nightly / Unstable version of the software.ĭownload 15MB = A direct link to the software download. Portable version = A portable/standalone version is available. Free Trial version available for download and testing with usually a time limit or limited functions. Trialware = Also called shareware or demo. It may be disabled when installing or after installation. Free software Ads = Free Download software and open source code but supported by advertising, usually with a included browser toolbar. Freeware Ads = Download Free software but supported by advertising, usually with a included browser toolbar. Free software Trialware = Download Free software and also open source code but some parts are trial/shareware. Free software = Download Free software and also open source code also known as FOSS (Free and Open Source Software). Freeware Trialware = Download Free software but some parts are trial/shareware. ![]() RECENTLY UPDATED = The software has been updated the last 31 days. NO LONGER DEVELOPED = The software hasn't been updated in over 5 years. Type and download NO MORE UPDATES? = The software hasn't been updated in over 2 years. Version number / Beta version number / Update version number and when it whas released. Explanation: NEW SOFTWARE= New tool since your last visit NEW VERSION= New version since your last visit NEW REVIEW= New review since your last visit NEW VERSION= New version Latest version ![]() Tor has been described by The Economist, in relation to Bitcoin and Silk Road, as being "a dark corner of the web". These can include privacy protection or censorship circumvention, as well as distribution of child abuse content, drug sales, or malware distribution. Tor is not designed to completely erase tracking but instead to reduce the likelihood for sites to trace actions and data back to the user. Tor is not meant to completely solve the issue of anonymity on the web. State Department, the National Science Foundation, and – through the Broadcasting Board of Governors, which itself partially funded Tor until October 2012 – Radio Free Asia) and seek to subvert it. Tor has, for example, been used by criminal enterprises, hacktivism groups, and law enforcement agencies at cross purposes, sometimes simultaneously likewise, agencies within the U.S. Tor enables its users to surf the Internet, chat and send instant messages anonymously, and is used by a wide variety of people for both licit and illicit purposes. Attacks against Tor are an active area of academic research that is welcomed by The Tor Project itself. Over the course of its existence, various Tor weaknesses have been discovered and occasionally exploited. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor and International Broadcasting Bureau, Internews, Human Rights Watch, the University of Cambridge, Google, and Netherlands-based Stichting NLnet. The EFF acted as The Tor Project's fiscal sponsor in its early years, and early financial supporters included the U.S. In 2006, Dingledine, Mathewson, and five others founded The Tor Project, a Massachusetts-based 501(c)(3) research-education nonprofit organization responsible for maintaining Tor. In 2004, the Naval Research Laboratory released the code for Tor under a free license, and the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) began funding Dingledine and Mathewson to continue its development. The first public release occurred a year later. The alpha version of Tor, developed by Syverson and computer scientists Roger Dingledine and Nick Mathewson and then called The Onion Routing project (which was later given the acronym "Tor"), was launched on 20 September 2002. Onion routing is implemented by means of encryption in the application layer of the communication protocol stack, nested like the layers of an onion. ![]() Reed and David Goldschlag, to protect American intelligence communications online. The core principle of Tor, onion routing, was developed in the mid-1990s by United States Naval Research Laboratory employees, mathematician Paul Syverson, and computer scientists Michael G. It protects the user's freedom and ability to communicate confidentially through IP address anonymity using Tor exit nodes. Tor protects personal privacy by concealing a user's location and usage from anyone performing network surveillance or traffic analysis. Using Tor makes it more difficult to trace a user's Internet activity. It directs Internet traffic via a free, worldwide, volunteer overlay network that consists of more than seven thousand relays. Tor, short for The Onion Router, is free and open-source software for enabling anonymous communication. Comparison of Internet Relay Chat clients.Overlay network, mix network, onion router, Anonymity application Unix-like, ( Android, Linux, BSD, macOS), Microsoft Windows, iOS ![]() 135Cs has also been used in this function. This isotope is used because, while it is less prevalent than either 133Cs or 137Cs, 134Cs can be produced solely by nuclear reactions. ![]() 134Cs has been used in hydrology as a measure of caesium output by the nuclear power industry.SI defines the second as 9,192,631,770 cycles of the radiation which corresponds to the transition between two hyperfine energy levels of the ground state of the 133Cs atom. Since 1967, the International System of Measurements bases its unit of time, the second, on the properties of caesium. Ĭaesium is also notably used in atomic clocks, which are accurate to seconds in many thousands of years. The high density of the caesium formate brine (up to 2.3 sg), coupled with the relative benignity of 133Cs, reduces the requirement for toxic high-density suspended solids in the drilling fluid, which is a significant technological, engineering and environmental advantage. Probably the most widespread use of caesium today is in caesium formate-based drilling fluids for the oil industry. It is possible that, after the salt Cs +F − has formed, the Cs + ion, which has the same electronic structure as elemental xenon, can, like xenon, be oxidised further by fluorine and form traces of a higher fluoride such as CsF 3, analogous to XeF 2. There is an account that caesium, reacting with fluorine, takes up more fluorine than it stoichiometrically should. CsOH is often stated to be the "strongest base", but in fact many compounds such as n-butyllithium and sodium amide are stronger. ![]() Caesium reacts explosively in cold water and also reacts with ice at temperatures above −116 ☌ (−177 ☏, 157 K).Ĭaesium hydroxide (CsOH) is a very strong base and will rapidly etch the surface of glass. (Technically, francium is the least common alkali metal, but since it is highly radioactive with an estimated 30 grams in the entire Earth's crust at one time, its abundance can be considered zero in practical terms.)Īlong with gallium, francium, and mercury, caesium is among the only metals that are liquid at or near room temperature. Caesium is the least abundant of the five non-radioactive alkali metals. Caesium is the second most electropositive and alkaline of the chemical elements and has the second lowest ionization potential (after francium). This metal is silvery gold in color and is both soft and ductile. The emission spectrum of caesium has two bright lines in the blue part of the spectrum along with several other lines in the red, yellow, and green. The variant spelling cesium is used especially in North American English, and the IUPAC has recognized it as a variant spelling since 1993, but caesium is the spelling used by the IUPAC. This element is most notably used in atomic clocks. ![]() It is a soft silvery-gold alkali metal with a melting point of 28 ☌ (83 ☏), which makes it one of the metals that are liquid at or near room temperature, along with rubidium ( 39 ☌ ), francium ( 27 ☌ ), mercury ( −39 ☌ ), and gallium ( 30 ☌ ). Template:Elementbox isotopes stable Template:Elementbox isotopes decay2 Template:Elementbox isotopes decay Template:Elementbox isotopes decay Template:Elementbox isotopes end Template:Elementbox footerĬaesium or cesium ( Template:PronEng) is the chemical element with the symbol Cs and atomic number 55. ! colspan="2" style="background:#ff6666 color:black" | Selected isotopes Template:Elementbox header Template:Elementbox series Template:Elementbox groupperiodblock Template:Elementbox appearance img Template:Elementbox atomicmass gpm Template:Elementbox econfig Template:Elementbox epershell Template:Elementbox section physicalprop Template:Elementbox phase Template:Elementbox density gpcm3nrt Template:Elementbox densityliq gpcm3mp Template:Elementbox meltingpoint Template:Elementbox boilingpoint Template:Elementbox criticalpoint Template:Elementbox heatfusion kjpmol Template:Elementbox heatvaporiz kjpmol Template:Elementbox heatcapacity jpmolkat25 Template:Elementbox vaporpressure katpa Template:Elementbox section atomicprop Template:Elementbox crystalstruct Template:Elementbox oxistates Template:Elementbox electroneg pauling Template:Elementbox ionizationenergies3 Template:Elementbox atomicradius pm Template:Elementbox atomicradiuscalc pm Template:Elementbox covalentradius pm Template:Elementbox section miscellaneous Template:Elementbox magnetic Template:Elementbox eresist ohmmat20 Template:Elementbox thermalcond wpmkat300k Template:Elementbox thermalexpansion umpmkat25 Template:Elementbox youngsmodulus gpa Template:Elementbox bulkmodulus gpa Template:Elementbox mohshardness Template:Elementbox brinellhardness mpa Template:Elementbox cas number |
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